OUTLINE OF JOURNALISM: AN OVERVIEW

Journalism as a profession includes reporting and gathering, selection and editing, processing and presentation of news and information to an audience. The media that journalism uses vary diversely and include: content published via newspapers and magazines (print), television and radio (broadcast), and their digital media versions — news websites and applications.

The words ‘journalist’, ‘journal’ and ‘journalism’ are derived from the French ‘journal’, which in turn comes from the Latin term ‘diurnalis’ or ‘daily’.

The Growth and development of journalism in India has had a chequered history. In India, journalism has been a product of struggle against the continuing repressive measures of the British rulers over a long period of time. Journalism in India is nurtured by some of the greatest men that this country has produced-freedom fighters, social reformers intellectuals who gave their best to its development and growth. The history of journalism has therefore been inextricably linked with the growth of national consciousness and the progress of freedom movement. In fact the press journalism nurtured the national consciousness and freedom movement in the country and was in turn nurtured by it.

The responsibility and standing of journalism, along with that of the mass media, has undergone thoughtful and reflective changes over the last two decades with the initiation of digital technology and publication of news on the Internet. This has shaped a swing in the utilization of print media channels, as people are gradually more consuming news through e-readers, smartphones, and other electronic devices, taxing news organizations to fully monetize their digital division, as well as manage on the context in which they publish news in print.

The rapid technological changes, which the print media is adapting to survive, has brought about far-reaching changes in the contemporary media scenario. The onslaught of technology is changing the dynamics of news delivery too. Newspapers, once the medium for breaking news, relinquished that role to television. The internet could take that over. Crudely, the new media ecosystem could look like this: the net will break the news, TV will do follow ups and live coverage and newspapers will end up doing analyses.

To conclude: At the present juncture, India, Indian society, Indian press are all in state of transition. The inclination that Indian press is eye witnessing today is bound to gather potency, while some others are bound to surface in the rouse of rapid technological development and innovations.

Ms. Garima Malhotra
Assistant Professor
Department of Communication Studies

Sustainable Development: India’s Role

 “The world has enough for everyone's needs, but not everyone's greed,” are the famous words of Mahatma Gandhi . These words are find ubiquity in different forums in the world today. With the fast paced developments in the global economy on one side, there is increasing demand for fossil fuels and land for setting up industrial units. This has led to the fast depletion of our natural resources and indiscriminate use of plastics and polymers. Global concern to further development in a manner that ensures sustainability of the planet reflects the Mahatma’s ideology.

The same philosophy has its roots in our ancient civilization. Our forefathers, the Aryans worshipped nature .They worshipped the Sun, the eternal source of energy. They revered the rivers and all water bodies; the springs and the water falls. They firmly believed that they were the nurturer of all life forms. They also worshipped the trees such as the Banyan and Peepal, the plants such as the holy Basil among others.  They revered animals such as the cow for providing milk and the snakes (for protecting the crops against damage from the rodents).

Hence we find evidence of a philosophy that promoted a harmonious relationship between all life forms. Such a state would ensure that each life form was not threatened and got ample opportunity to thrive and flourish.

With the rapid industrialization and its trickling down effects in every part of the world, we now witness a blind race to achieve more and more even at the cost of other life forms.  Our industrial units and our means of transport that depend on fast depleting fossil fuels are a cause of grave concern. These units also release harmful effluents and gases in the environment which threatens the ecological balance of the water bodies and causes numerous respiratory ailments in humans.

With the cutting down of trees and clearing of the forests, vast stretches of barren lands have been created with little or no rainfall.  These actions have driven several life forms towards extinction.

Besides, the widening gap between the haves and the have nots, have wrenched the hearts of many across the world. They have vehemently promoted that human dignity has to be preserved and maintained for a just and equitable world.

With a background of these issues to be dealt with sagacity, sincerity and serenity, in September 2015, UN Summit was held in New York. It was in this summit that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was launched. It envisaged “a world of universal respect for human rights and human dignity, the rule of law, justice, equality and non-discrimination”. The concern for environment and respect for all life forms was emphasized in the agenda. All the member nations pledged to adopt measures to build adequate framework to ensure sustainable development.

Hence we find that India has since long been a promoter of the concept of vasudhaiva kutumbakam or universal brotherhood. Since time immemorial, she has been peace loving and looking forward for the measures that promote common good of all. Hence the time is ripe to revisit our rich cultural past, learn our lessons and be the torch bearers for the rest of the world.

Ms Suchitra Srivastava

Associate Professor

Department of Management

JIMS, Vasant Kunj

Sandboxing Technology in Cyber Security

VIRUS (Vital information resource under seize) is a well known word worldwide due to the hazard it creates when it infiltrates the computer system. There are many ways to prevent and avoid the different forms of viruses so that the data can be protected.

Dynamic Malware analysis can be done in two broad ways:

Analyzing the Difference between defined points- Malware sample is executed for a certain period of time and afterwards the modifications made to the system are analyzed by comparison to the initial system state.

Observing runtime behaviour- Malicious activities launched by the malicious application are monitored during runtime using a specialized tool. 

Dynamic malware analysis takes into account API hooking which follows the following procedure:

•         To observe a given malware sample’s control flow, we need to access the API functions.

•         One possible way to achieve this is by hooking intercepting a call to a function. When an application calls a function, it’s rerouted to a different location where customized code, hook function resides.

•         The hook then performs its own operations and transfers control back to the original API function or prevents its execution completely.

•         If hooking is done properly, it’s hard for the calling application to detect the hooked API function.

In cyber security, a sandbox is an isolated environment on a network that mimics end-user operating environments. Sandboxes are used to safely execute suspicious code without risking harm to the host device or network. Using a sandbox for advanced malware detection provides another layer of protection against new security threats—zero-day malware and stealthy attacks, in particular and what happens in the Sandbox, stays in the sandbox—avoiding system failures and keeping software vulnerabilities from spreading. Sandbox testing proactively detects malware by executing, or detonating, code in a safe and isolated environment to observe that code’s behaviour and output activity. The CW sandbox outputs a behavior-based analysis; that is, it executes the malware binary in a controlled environment so that we can observe all relevant function calls to the Windows API as a result the report contains scan summary, file and registry changes, network activity and technical details. IT also generates a high-level summarized report from the monitored API calls. The report provides data for each process and its associated actions—one subsection for all accesses to the file system and another for all network operations. Traditional security measures are reactive and based on signature detection—which works by looking for patterns identified in known instances of malware because that detects only previously identified threats, sandboxes add another important layer of security.

Moreover, even if an initial security defence utilize artificial intelligence or machine learning (signature less detection), these defences are only as good as the models powering these solutions – there is still a need to complement these solution with an advanced malware detection.

Ms. Sonali Sharma

(Assistant professor-IT)