FUNDS

It costs money to make money!

The backbone of any business is finance. To survive in this competitive world every business needs adequate finance to meet all its requirements. In olden times finance is needed either for acquiring capital assets i.e. to purchase furniture or for the creation of a new office /factory etc or for manufacturing of a new product. . Usually, such manufacturing are funded by internal sources, while funds required to purchase fixed assets are arranged from external sources. But, in today’s scenario the requirement of finance has been changed.  Today , we not only require finance to buy machinery or to develop a new product or to construct the building but finance is also required to buy materials or stock (the goods that are to be sold), to Carry out some market research and do other types of marketing or  to move into new markets etc. The funding of any project/trade is the most basic feature of its management. If the business is able to fund its project in the right manner, then the business will grow in the healthy manner with more cash inflows and more profit. The requirement of funds can emerge at any point of developing business. Funds are required at the time of startups and even at the time of expansion. Therefore, we can say that finance is needed throughout a company's life.

1.CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOURCES OF FINANCE

The funds for the business can be raised by various ways. The kind of business plays an important role in deciding the type of funds required. The big organization will be requiring a large amount of funds as compare with the smaller organizations. Smaller organizations can even use their retained earnings i.e business can be funded with the help of internal funds only. Smaller organization require less amount so they can even borrow from their friends and family members where as the bigger organization require a huge amount of finance so they can go for a bank loan, borrow funds from the financial institutions or even borrow from the general public by issuing shares and debentures.

Some of the sources of finance are shown in Figure 1

                                                                                       Figure 1

The sources of financial requirement of business can be classified as:

Ø  1.1Internal source of finance.

Ø  1.2 External source of finance.

Internal Source of Finance:  It is referred to the money which is raised from inside the business. It includes

Ø  Sales of assets: Sale of assets means selling of business assets to generate funds for the business which have either become old or have become obsolete( not in use for operational purposes)

Ø  Retained profits: Retained earnings are that part of the profit which is earnerd every year but not distributed to the shareholders. It is also known as reserves or ploughed back profits. In the long run such amount can used for funding the business.

Ø  Reduction in working capital: Reduction in working capital means reducing the level of inventory so that some additional cash can be raised for business.

External Source of Finance: It is referred to the money which is raised from outside the business. It includes:

Ø  Long Term Source of Finance

Ø  Medium Term Source of Finance

Dr. Himani GuptaAssociate  ProfessorDepartment of Management Studies 

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1.      INTRODUCTION

Growth has been taking place in our economical , social and business mankind. Then what was the need of the concept ‘Sustainable Development Growth’ or ‘Sustainable Development Goals'.

Yes, of course, our irresponsible behavior towards our environment which led to various problem in the further times, we had been using or planning everything regarding development without giving a second thought about its future consequences. We had been completely ignorant about the future demands. All that we were concerned about was its immediate benefits. As the time passes by, realization come that this would lead to nowhere in future. It would be creating problems for themselves as well as the future generations.

So, finally in the year 1980 International Union for the Conservation of nature talked about making ‘Sustainable Development’ a global priority.

The question arises what do we mean by Sustainable Development. It means development taking place without depleting the natural resources. It also means development taking place in present without compromising the needs of the future generations. Here, one main thing that need to be cleared is people usually get confused depleting to not using these natural resources. On the other hand, it means not letting the resources Deplete i.e. the amount of resources we take from environment must be compensated by adding to the environment equally or maybe more to create a balance in the environment.

Information Technology, Information technology in Sustainable Development Growth. As we all know the IT sector is growing really well as every now and then new technologies are discovered that helps us do our work easily. IT has the potential for intensive production, consumption, trade and services. Such changes can significantly reduce the environmental impact of industrial and commercial activities and thus contribute to SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.

Today’s information society is being built on technology, knowledge and intelligence. Information Technology (IT) empowers both people and machines with information, which is transformed into knowledge and intelligence. Appropriate use of the knowledge by both people and machines contributes to sustainable development. As information becomes accessible to anyone, and anywhere, it is increasingly becoming a basic economic resource and a structuring factor in today’s society and hence a great source for sustainable development.

2.IMPACTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GROWTH

Information Technology has impacted sustainable development growth in every possible way. Intensive production, consumption,  trade, and services such changes are continuously reducing the environmental impact of industrial and commercial  activities and thus contribute to Sustainable Development. Few benefits of information technology (IT) is mentioned as follows :

1.  ACCURATE AND SPEEDY PROCESSING OF INFORMATION

One more reason of IT sector to be on top when it comes about sustainable development is Accurate and Speedy processing of Information. One can get information of abroad by sitting at his home. IT sector thus helps the environment to grow on a very fast rate and hence contributes in sustainable development growth.

2. GLOBALIZATION

Information technology has removed the physical barriers between nations and connected them through their shared ideas and opportunities. The advent of social media has made interactions easy and the use of Facebook, Twitter, and all other social networking sites has drawn culturally different people to communicate with one another. People on the social media are now becoming ‘global’ citizens.

3.COMMUNICATING NEWS

Wireless communication has revolutionized the ways in which we communicate news broadcast. We can communicate anywhere whether its Delhi or New York. Today it takes less than a minute for a new story to propagate from one part of the world to the other.

4. CREATION OF NEW JOBS

The rising demand of IT professionals across businesses is creating new opportunities every day. Several emerging economies all over the world are now setting new records by strengthening their competence in this field. A greater number of people are showing interest in jobs like computer programming, system analysis, testing.

Ms.Anisha Tandon

 Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies

SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT AND ADDICTION

The emerging new influencer community is wielding significant power over the perceptions of brand and companies, largely driven by the expansion of social media channels through which influencer communicate. The “Nobodies” of the past are now the new “Somebodies” demanding the attention of communication professionals who seek continuous engagement with targeted consumers throughout the various channels of the social web.

For mostpeople, social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter are harmless platforms .Platforms that allow for social interaction and personal expression. For other, social media has become more than an entertaining form of engagement; it has become an increasing compulsion. The question is that –Can a person really become addicted to social media?

This is a notion that researchers are beginning to address, and recent studies suggests that YES, social media addiction is real.

Addictions are after all about feeding an urge, and one of the greatest human urge is the yearning to feel connected and a part of something larger. Nothing satisfies this particular urge like logging on and being social with the masses at any hour of the day or night. Social networks are massively addictive. Most people I know check and interact on social sites constantly throughout the day. And they have no idea how much actual time they are spending on social sites. Desires for social media are difficult to control because giving in to these social urges seems far less harmful than giving into drugs. Being online is easier for people who suffer from self-esteem issues, and within this group, an addiction to sites like Facebook and twitter is much more formed.

 Are you guilty of checking your Facebook account before you get out of bed in morning? Do you tweet while on a romantic first date? You may think your own social media habits are harmless, but how do you know if you’ve crossed the line into an addiction? One way to check yourself is to evaluate your feelings about social media. For instance, when you don’t have access to it, say while on vacation or at an event such as wedding, do you feel anxious and can think of little besides what you’re missing online? Would it be an accurate statement to say that social media brings you the most pleasure in your life? If you answered ‘Yes’ to these question, then it might be time to address your relationship with social media. If you are a social media addict, and your addiction is getting worse, there’s a reason for that, most of the major network companies, as well social content creators, are working very hard to make their networks so addictive that we can’t resist them. When we think of addiction, the picture that normally comes to mind is that of a gaunt man or woman, huddles in a corner, trying desperately to get his/her next fix of heroin. But addiction isn’t just about substance abuse. If a person engages in an activity to a put where it comes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life, then as per Psychology today, that too counts as an addiction. One trick social networks use is a notification number showing the number of people at a glance who have mentioned or followed you. Notification number work just like that- Seeing a red “3” on Facebook notification bar is like a click bait headline “You won’t believe what three people said about you”. You’ve get to click. And over time it becomes addictive.

One of the best things you can do to reign in your addiction is to keep track of how exactly how much time you spend on sites like Facebook and twitter. The best idea is to schedule your social media time and stick to that schedule no matter what. Close down your web browsers and remove application that could  tempt you.  Use a good old-fashioned alarm clock so that your phone doesn’t linger by your side and keep you from precious hours of sleep.Remember, you must be your own gatekeeper and make sure you regretting the important tasks accomplished every day.

But there comes a plus side too. The flip side of social media addiction can have positive effect on your marketing strategies once you know exactly how your own customers use social site. Most importantly, always acknowledge and abide by social media ‘golden rule’- Never sell to your market. Instead engage with them and serve  them . There is no doubt that social media will continue to shape the way we live and conduct our business online. In the midst of this, it is wise to remember that little goes a long way and sometimes you can have too much of a good thing. In the world of social networking,Facebook benefits most from network effect. Facebook happened to be at top social network when social networking busted out as a mainstream activity. Now everybody’s on Facebook because everybody’s on Facebook. And even people who don’t like the social network use it anyway, because that’s where their family, friends and colleagues are – and because of addiction. Social   selling is another recent phenomenon as a case in point. Those in sales are increasingly turning to social media as a means to create and nurture new leads and are encouraged to build a presence and sense of thought leadership

I don’t want to suggest that we can all go back to an age before computers. Yes Facebook can be great for catching up with your friends and family. Yes Twitter can be fun and amusing. The only part is that you have to know what you’re dealing with. Social media is the equivalent of candy for the brain. Yes it’s good to get a sugar rush once in a while. But if you do nothing, but live on chocolate doughnuts, you’re going to be too healthy.

Ms.Priyanka Rattan

 Assistant Professor

Department of Information Technology 

Spirituality

The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various connotations can be found alongside each other.Spiritual is the adjective form of the word spirit which comes from the Latin word for "breath," and means the thing that animates life. Spiritual can be used to talk about anything that goes beyond mere physical existence, from ghost spirits to religious feelings. As a noun, spiritual describes a religious song originating in the African-American culture of the American South.

Some may find that their spiritual life is intricately linked to their association with a church, temple, mosque, or synagogue. Others may pray or find comfort in a personal relationship with God or a higher power. Still others seek meaning through their connections to nature or art. Like your sense of purpose, your personal definition of spirituality may change throughout your life, adapting to your own experiences and relationships.

The path to spirituality starts with curiosity. It is possible only if one thinks about the existence of the world. There are so many things for which Science has no answers as of now. Spirituality is a science beyond science. In the initial stages of spiritual development, one may develop ideas that are contrary to the normal beliefs and religion, but with time the same person realizes that whatever exists in the world has a reason. So, he will start accepting the normal beliefs as well as the religion and when he reach a stage where he is able to fully connect the material existence and soul existence through his own thoughts then the person becomes truly spiritual and hence enlightened.

-            Ms AnshuPunshi 

        Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies.

Inside out : Body and Mind

How do we describe a flower, By its colour or fragrance?. Intact, by both. It is not only its beautiful colour that fills our hearts with joy but also and essentially the captivating and exhilarating fragrance it emits into the air. Similarly , a man is not only  what he looks like- his complexion, clothes, physique etc, but also what he speaks, does and think. apart from his exterior, it is essential to look him inside out to have his thorough portrayal. It is rightly said that all beautiful faces do not possess the hearts of gold, and all ugly faces do not possess a devil “s hearts. A golden pot may contain honey, so we can not judge people by their coats.. Being proud of his beautiful body, once a leopard bragged to a fox “Look at my skin, well decorated with spots. That makes me the finest specimen among animals “But the fox , as foxy he was, retorted : “ And more beautiful than you stand I, decorated so well, not in body, but in mind “ Bhim Rao Ambedkar “Unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, man does not lose his being in the society in which hje lives”. This Identity is one’s personality. It encompasses many things in its ambit. Many things mixed up to form a personality. Literally speaking, personality is made from the word to which we affix two suffixes, person +al+ity. Person  means a living individual being. Adding al to it connotes having  individual traits and suffixing ity to it further extends it to convey to have the states of being individual. So literally personality means to have distinct qualities  or features which distinguish one person from the other from any other and so on. Human personality is not   static piece of art that remains the same, but is dynamic and grows with the passage of time  as an earthbound caterpillar goes into flying butterfly, so must human personality grow  - both in mind and body. Mind is the CEO and the body is the servant that carries out the orders and the instruction  sent by the mind. We can not have solid mind without solid body and without solid mind human body is useless. So finally the character of a person could not judge by  external body , it should be judged by by his / her internal  beauty.  It is not necessary the person who has beautiful body has a good character and good attributes. Therefore by the physical appearance the mind of a person could not be judge. But    the mind of a person can reflect hi / her body language. Therefore inside mind always reflects  by the physical body of a person. So we should judge a person by his /her mind and physical body both. Generally it is understood that the mind is a controller of the body, and body is the servant of mind.

Dr. Hakimuddin Khan

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Email Security: Issues and Awareness

In an organization each and every individual should aware of email security issues to be taken care of by one and individual. There are various challenges which are to be overcome to get rid of them. Few issues and challenges one should be area of are:

1)      User Behavior: The end users are at the top pf email security issues list because the decisions they take can either prevent bad situations or creates the worst situation. It’s a major issue in an organization as the perception of end user and IT security experts appears to be at odds many times. When the security experts see sharks in the form of threats swimming around, end users simply perceive it in the form of spam. Few organizations do Ethical phishing attacks and social engineering penetration testing on their employees to assess their security awareness. The results reveal that even being aware of attacks, they click on phishing emails.

2)      Targeted Phishing attacks can make a comeback:Earlier Work-intensive manual attacks were common. Now hackers perform targeted phishing attacks or automated attacks which need much more efforts and are a much bigger payoff. Hackers use public social media resources to target a person or a company and learn their particulars like who’s who in the company. Once they get the knowledge, it becomes easy to masquerade as the boss and fire whaling attacks. It is very easy for them to include company logo and other company’s information to make a malicious email more realistic and credible. In one case Hacker has impersonate the cellphone number of a boss and triggered an attack by sending a text message to an employee that referenced as email message.

3)      A Gateway to takeover Account to exploit more: Hackers penetrates less secure computers like laptops used in public Wi-Fi and are then able to weaponize them against the organization. Hackers take overs the Account of an organization which is an indirect challenge to email security. Once a computer of an organization or of an individual is compromised, hackers use Mimikatz, an open source tool and Microsoft’s built-in Remote Desktop Protocol to dump all credentials of a machine. Once the account get takeover by Hackers, they can use powerful tools like Power shell, Windows Management Console to reach out to machines exists on the corporate network. They can easily uses services to exploit vulnerabilities on networked computers.

4)      IoT and Mobile Device Security Challenges: IoT and handheld devices can also be compromised and can become a part of phishing and other security attacks. Hackers can use a targeted phishing attempt or can take over account easily via a clean application of an iPhone or android Phone. This application might contains a code that takes users to a phishing site that requests its credentials Even IoT devices like surveillance cameras , Wi-Fi routers based an open source code are open and viable to exploitation. Usually IoT devices are small networked computers which all can be used as jumping off points for security incursions.

5)      Think Beyond Perimeter Security: All the organizations implements highly effective security perimeters like firewalls, Web Application Firewalls, intrusion Detection/prevention systems and email security gateways. That is why Hackers hack machines and compromise emails and users that might be outside the perimeter. They use plain and harmless email to trap inside users outside the perimeter. Perimeter security plays an essential role but at the same time one has to be careful about other potential attack surfaces.

Summary: It is very much required to be vigilant as vigilance is the key in order to address email security issues. It has been observed that the nature of attacks transforms boundlessly. There is no standard way, how the hackers can attack for better or worse and it’s very difficult for security vendors to have a standard method to identify and stop these changing attacks.

Ms. Arpana Chaturvedi

Assistant Professor

Information Technology

Information and Communications Technology

&

The Sustainable Development Goals

Nowadays we cannot think about any kind of development without technological involvement.  As we are facing so many problems like environmental change, poverty, weak education system and its reach, water crises and its purity etc. So the world is trying to overcome from these all the crises and now such all issues covered in sustainable development goals. In sustainable development goals, we are having 17 goals and under these 17 goals, we have 169 distinct targets. Now the question, Can we imagine to achieve these goals without any information technological involvement? 

And things are becoming more difficult when these sustainable development goals are the same for developing countries. For overall sustainable economic growth, technology would be an unavoidable aspect.  We see technology as a powerful enabler – an agent of change to help solve many of the challenges facing the world today as governments seek sustainable growth and development models and focus on the future of our planet and its people.Technology specially related to IT has amazing potential to help achieving the SDGs, but it can also be at the root of exclusion and inequality. We need to standardize the use of all technological benefits. There are list of new technologies those can have potential like artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, IOT and blockchain etc. These technologies are in use at every level like from home to research projects.

This year’s there are many platform those discussed about the many different ways in which digital technology provide the next level support in achieving SDGs. For example, technology might help minimize inequality by providing access to basic services, such as e-health or online education. Moreover government makes sure that the citizens are very much aware about the services and they feel connected through services like e-government tools and citizens must use the technological benefit. Information management and its privacy and security policy should be ensuring by the government to better connect to their citizens and to improve citizen’s participation. ICT has the potential to transform the manufacturing sector through advancements such as IOT, cloud and robotics – all of which reduce costs, increase efficiency and drive economic growth.

The deployment of new technologies could be essential for achieving the SDGs, considering the need for accelerated progress to fulfil the goals by 2030. At the same time, as new technologies are usually unavailable to marginalised populations, it will be a key challenge to ensure that no one is left behind in the fourth industrial revolution, as new innovations often exacerbate existing divides in society between those who can benefit and those who are left behind. In addition, with the current speed of innovation, there are many opportunities and risks that are still unknown but could rapidly crystallise, without regulators being able to respond in a timely manner. Therefore, it is imperative for decision-makers to be aware of, and to understand technological change as much as possible. In the words of the Ministerial Declaration, ‘the introduction of new technologies should never blind us from our pledge to leave no one behind’.

 Mr. Pramod Pandey

 Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies