Blog on Exposure Triangle

Photography is defined as drawing with light with the help of a light tight box called camera. To click a picture we need to provide a sufficient light to the camera so that it can identify the subject to be clicked.

To get that amount of light the camera needs to click a good picture we should understand the concept of exposure triangle, because the overexposed and underexposed images are not considered good images. 

    

   Underexposed

Exposure triangle is the combination of aperture, shutter speed and ISO. We must balance these three variables to get a perfectly exposed picture. These three components are parts of camera which depends on each other. So an adjustment in one will require adjustment in others.

   Correctly exposed

Aperture

Aperture is the hole in the lens through which light enters into the camera.  Size of this hole can be increased or decreased as per the lighting conditions. A wide aperture means more light will enter into the camera while a narrow aperture will allow less light. 

Aperture is denoted by f number which is universal. The usual numerical values for the f-stop are 1.4, 1.8, 2.0., 2.8, 3.6, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16 and 22. If we are shooting in low light conditions we need to lower down the f number to 2.0 or 1.8 while for situations where we have more light we need to increase the f number to 16 or 22.

Shutter speed

Shutter speed decides the time for which shutter remains open and thus for how the sensor is exposed to light. Faster shutter speed means less time while slow shutter speed means more time for which light is inside the camera.

Shutter speed is measured in seconds or fraction of seconds like ½, 1/4, 1/100s, 1/250 and so on. 1/100s, shutter speed means that shutter will open for one hundredth part of a second while 1/1000 shutter speed means that shutter will open for one thousandth part of a second. We keep high shutter speeds when we want to freeze the action or capture the motion.

ISO

ISO is the sensitivity of the film in case of film camera while image sensor in digital camera. It means how sensitive your film or image sensor is towards light. High sensitive image sensor needs less amount of light to get exposed or click the image while less sensitive image sensor needs more light to get exposed.

ISO value is measured in numbers. Lower the number, the lower the sensitivity to light. Higher values mean it is more sensitive to light. Depending on the camera, the lowest value stars from 50 can go up to 6400. Photographers who want more saturation and less noise and more details in the picture should go for ISO 100 or 200.

Thus by combining the ISO, aperture and shutter speed gives a correct exposure value for a particular setting. One thing you have to keep in mind is that if any one of the elements is changed or adjusted then we also need to change the other two to get the correct exposure otherwise your image would be too bright or too dark or noisy.

Ms. Sanyogita Choudhary

Assistant Professor

Department of Communication studies

Social Pressure

Man is a social animal and we learn most of the things from our surrounding. Society, friends, colleges have a great influence on our behaviour. At times this influence becomes so deep that this starts exerting pressure on us. This pressure commonly known as peer pressure or social pressure can be a positive one or a negative one.  As long as an individual can sustain it, it adds to growth of the individual but the time when it gets out of control it starts creating problems.

Social pressure is when an individual wants to get well accepted to the group and hence group norms. There is no fixed age at which an individual gets into the trap of this pressure i.e from children to oldies anyone can fall victim to this pressure. Adults by virtue of age and experience are in better position to handle this pressure but our younger generation specially the adolescent or a teen are not mentally grown to handle this pressure and hence the chances go getting indulge in harmful actives are high. In these situation individuals often lose the sense of right or wrong and hence peers becomes a great source of influence. The impact of this influence can be visible with respect to their style, taste, appearance, ideology, and values.

Social pressure is not always negative, I have seen this working as a magic for few. If we get aspired by a group that has got better values, performance, ideology or acceptance in the society then this group influence people to have better ideology and behaviour. This leads  to improvement in performance that can be in academics, higher affiliation with parents,  participation in co- curricular activities like sports, dramatics, singing, etc.

Negative social pressure is something that is of great concern. This is an outcome of either getting into a wrong group or having an affiliation for something that negatively perceived. Outcome of negative social pressure can be disastrous. Person can alienate from the family i.e start avoiding parents, disinterested in studies, wrong habits like indulgence in smoking, alcohol, drugs and other violent activities. If such negative social pressure is not taken care of on time then the life of the person can be ruined. This becomes a cause of major psychological and behavioural disorders.

There are four possible responses to peer pressure:

• Compliance – When we do not agree with group opinion or actions but, gets along with it.
• Conversion – When we convert our thoughts and ideologies to confirm with the group.
• Congruence – when we agreeing with the opinion/action of the group from the onset.
• Non-Conformity – Either remaining independent (e.g., not succumbing to group pressure and maintaining personal opinion), or anti-conformity (purposefully expressing opinions or actions contrary to the status quo).

So, it depends on individual to individual as to how one will react to this pressure. One should consider society and its norms but certainly not at the cost of one’s happiness or life...

Ms. Anu Bhardwaj

Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies

बिखरता बचपन टूटते सपने

छोटु दो कप चाय जल्दी लेकर आ, बिटू जल्दी से साहब की गाडी साफ़ कर, रामू जल्दी से बर्तन साफ़ कर ग्राहक आने लगे है, छोटे गाड़ी का पाना पकड़ा, अरे कन्हेया जल्दी से टेबल साफ़ कर । कुछ इस तरह के वाक्यांश आप लोगों के कानों में सुबह की भाग दौड़ के साथ गूंजने शुरू हो जाते है ।

ममा स्कूल के लिए देरी हो रही है जल्दी करो मेरा लंच बॉक्स डाल दो, पापा आपकी वजह से मेरी स्कूल बस छुट गई अब आप मुझे स्कूल छोड़ कर आओ, पापा मैं स्कूल तभी जाऊंगा जब आप मुझे शाम को नयी साइकिल दिला कर लाओगे, ममा मेरे

जन्मदिन पर मुझे नई ड्रेस चाहिए, आज चाचा हमे पार्क लेकर जायेंगे । इस तरह के वाक्यांश भी हमे अक्सर इन्ही लोगो की भीड़ में सुनने को मिलते है ।

अलार्म की घडी के साथ सुबह के छ बजे गये । रोज़ की तरह स्नान करके पूजा पाठ कर अपने स्कूल के लिए निकल चला । स्कूल भी था तो बहूत दूर इक गाँव में, जहाँ तक पहुंचने के लिए मैंने लोह पथ गामनी अथार्त रेलगाड़ी पकड़ी और स्कूल पहुँच कर अपनी क्लास में बैठे बच्चो की उपस्थिति दर्ज कर रहा था । राम ..आया हूँ बिटू ... आया हूँ मास्टर जी सीता आई हूँ मास्टर जी भोल्ला ... आया हूँ श्याम... आया हू । बस क्लास लेकर फिर मैं थोड़ी देर 

के लिए बाहर बगीचे में बैठा और सोचा की चाय की चुस्की ले लू तभी स्कूल के गेट से अंदर की और आता हुआ 10 साल का एक मासूम सा बच्चा रामू जोर से आवाज़ लगाते हुआ बोला कि मास्टर जी चाय लोगे ।

दोपहर होते ही पास ही के एक होटल में हम अपना भोजन करने के लिए चल दिए । टेबल पर बैठते ही होटल मालिक ने आवाज़ लगायी जोर से और कहा की भोला जल्दी से टेबल साफ़ कर मास्टर जी का खाना लगा दे, लगता है की मास्टरआईन ने आज खाना नहीं भेजा साथ में । बस फिर भोला ने खाना लगाया और खाना खा कर फिर से स्कूल में कक्षा लेकर मैं लौट चला घर की ओर । शाम को मेरी बेटी गीता ने कहा कि पापा मुझे नए जूते चाहिए । रात का खाना खा कर जब मैंने बिस्तर पकड़ा और आँखें मूंदी तो तभी मेरे कानों में मासूम बच्चो सी आवाजें गूंजने लगी और मैं उठ कर बैठ गया ।

फिर याद आया मुझे एक मासूम बचपन रेल की पटरियों पर खेलते हुए । जब सुबह मैं अपने स्कूल को ट्रेन पकड़ कर चला था । सीट तो थी नहीं तो बाहर गाड़ी के गेट पर जाकर खड़ा हो गया मैं । तभी दूसरी ओर रेल की पटरी पर मुझे कुछ चहकते हुए मासूम से चेहरे दिखें जो एक हाथ में बहूत बड़ा झोला

थामे हुए थे और दुसरे हाथ से पटरी पर लोगों के फेकें हुए प्लास्टिक के थेले और खाली पानी की बोतलों को उठा रहे थे लेकिन फिर भी चेहरों पर इक ख़ुशी थी ।

दुसरे ही पल मुझे याद आया वो एक और मासूम चेहरा जो अपने छोटे छोटे हाथों में चाय के गिलास लिए सबको चाय पूछ रहा था । उस पल से उभरता तभी मुझे इक और बचपन नज़र आया जो अपने छोटे छोटे हाथों से होटल के एक कोने में बैठ लोगों के जूठे बर्तन साफ़ कर रहा था ।

ये मंज़र याद कर मेरी आँखें छलक उठी । बंद आँखों के साथ जब इक बच्चा धरती पर जन्म लेता है तो उसे नहीं मालूम कि उसकी किस्मत में

उस खुदा उस भगवान् ने क्या लिखा है । क्या लेकर वो इस दुनिया में आया है और क्या लेकर वो इस दुनिया से जायेगा । लेकिन जीवन के कुछ पड़ावों से होकर जब वो खेलने की उम्र तक आता है उस उम्र में कुछ ऐसे ही बच्चो के हाथों में लोगो के झूठे बर्तन, इक झोला या चाय के गिलास कोई न कोई थमा देता है ।

स्कूल में अक्सर जब बच्चों से पूछता हूँ कि वो बड़े होकर क्या बनना चाहते है उनका क्या सपना है तो कोई कहता है कि डॉक्टर बनूंगा कोई कहता है पायलेट बनूंगा कोई कहता है व्यापारी बनूँगा तो कोई न जाने कितने बड़े बड़े सपनो को अपनी मासूम सी आँखों में सजोये रखता है । लेकिन उन आँखों के सपनो का क्या होगा जो रेल की पर जन्म लेता है तो उसे नहीं

पटरियों को ताक रही है जो लोगों की भीड़ में चाय गरम चाय गरम की आवाज़ लगा रही है या जो किसी होटल की चोखट पर लोगो की झूठन साफ़ कर रही है । वो सपने तो बचपन के साथ ही न जाने कहाँ बिखर गये होंगे । मेरी बेटी गीता के नए जूते लेने की बात सोच कर मेरी नज़र उन बच्चों के नन्हें नन्हें खाली पाँवों की और पड़ी और सोचा की ये नन्हें पांव न तो तपती जमीं देखते और न ही सर्दी की सर्द को महसूस करते ।

आखिर हमारे देश में इन मासूम बच्चों की ये हालात क्यों है । क्यों इन मासूम बच्चों को दो वक़्त की रोटी के लिए अपने छोटे छोटे के लिए अपने

छोटे छोटे सपनों को पूरा करने के लिए अपने बचपन को भूला देना पड़ता है जिस उम्र में जिन हाथों में किताबें होनी चाहिए थी उन मासूम नन्हे नन्हे हाथों में कौन है वो जो इस झोला चाय के गिलास झूठे बर्तन थमा देता है । जिन बच्चों को हम देश का भविष्य बतलाते है वो बचपन आज हमारे देश मे कहीं ना कहीं बाल मजदूरी का शिकार हो रहा है ।

हमारा समाज क्या इन मासूम से बच्चों के सपनो को पूरा नहीं कर सकता । क्या हमारे देश में भी दुनिया के कुछ देशों की तरह बच्चे के 5 साल के हो जाने पर सरकार उसके पढने लिखने, खाने पीने का खर्चा नहीं उठा सकती । जब इस तरह की तस्वीर इन मासूम बच्चों की मैं अपने समाज में देखता हूँ तो खुद को भी बहूत लाचार और बेबस पाता हूँ । क्योंकि जिस देश समाज और लोगो से मैं बाल मजदूरी को खत्म करने के प्रयास की कल्पना कर रहा हूँ आखिर मैं भी इसी का हिस्सा हूँ । लेकिन किसी न किसी को कहीं से तो इसका आगाज़ करना होगा । अगर हम सब मिलकर कोशिश करे और अपने व्यस्त जीवन में से कुछ समय निकाल कर बाल मजदूरी कर रहे इन बच्चों को थोडा बहुत लिखना पढना सिखा सके इनके लिए कुछ सुविधाएँ जुटा सके तो शायद ये मासूम बच्चें अपने कुछ सपनों को पूरा करने का होसला अपने अंदर फिर से जगा सके । शायद इस तरह के प्रयासों से हम बिखरते बचपन के टूटते सपनों को पूरा कर सकें ।

लेखक

सन्नी गुप्ता (आरव)

सहायक प्रवक्ता

Big Data: Future Predictions

Big data is voluminous and complex data sets which are difficult to deal with traditional data-processing application software. There are five concepts associated with big data: volume, variety, velocity and, the recently added, veracity and value. The challenges faced by big data include capturing data, data storage, data analysis, search, sharing, transfer, visualization, querying, updating, information privacy and data source.

The world's technological per-capita capacity to store information has increased exponentially to a level that cannot be easily understandable. Database management systems, statistics and software packages have been finding it difficult to manage big data. Human beings created voluminous data in past couple of years than in the entire history of human kind. Such an exponential increase in big data has taken the world by storm and there are no inferences of slowing down. And we have no idea what is coming in future?

With big data are coming many challenges related to privacy and security of data and what are the up gradations in the technology trends with the evolution of big data. There will be more demand for people who can deal with data, who are data scientists. Mechanization would increase and the jobs existing now will become obsolete, the jobs will revolve around handling of big data and ethical violations related to big data. Machine learning would be a top strategic trend. New and new ways would come up to handle and analyze data. There will be increase in demand of algorithms instead of software packages. There would be a shift in businesses in all terms: be it production, service, and the ways to handle data. More and more research would be conducted to develop analytical tools for handling of data. Businesses would be basically focusing on predictive analytics.

With the advancement in big data would come talent crunch and staffing function will be of great concern. There would be more demand of experts and scientists in data management. Businesses encompassing data will benefit in increase in productivity compared to the businesses not involving data. ‘Fast data’ and ‘actionable data’ will replace big data. The data analyzed from which some inferences can be drawn will be more relied upon to fasten the process of decision making. Total revenues from big data, big data analytics and tools related to the same will rise. Investments in big data technologies will touch the sky. The role of developers will also change. Their role would be in inventing technologies and applications that can play around with the big data.

What I see in the future is, big data is going to get bigger and bigger and businesses ignoring it will be left behind. Having tremendous amounts of data will not give you a competitive advantage over your competitors but how effectively and quickly you analyze the data and extract actionable information from it will. Time is the only solution to the problem discussed above. Time will only decide which the above prediction will prevail and which will become obscure.

Ms Saloni Kalra

Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies

The role and status of Print journalism in Digital age

Print journalism in the age of digitization has changed radically from its own roots.  Once known for the exclusive and limited source of news provider for people across the world, newspapers today are facing greater rivalry or one can say competition from other form of mass media.  Print journalism, as part of mass media, has undergone reflective changes in the past two decades. The advent of digital technology and publication of news on the Internet has lead to this transformation. This has created a dangle in the using up of print media channels. These days’ people are increasingly consuming news through electronic devices like- smart phones, e-readers, and other devices, this result in a major challenge to news organizations to fully alter their digital wing, as well as to grip on the context in which they publish news in print.

The rapid technological changes, which the print media is adapting to endure, have brought about impactful changes in the modern media scenario. The ambush of technology is changing the dynamics of news delivery too. Newspapers, which used to be called as the medium for breaking news, have given up that role to television. And now, the internet is at a stage where it could take that responsibility over. Crudely, the new media ecosystem could look like this: the internet will break the news, TV will do follow ups go behind the news and live coverage and newspapers will end up doing detailed news analyses.

The digital shift can be witnessed on two important and relevant counts: publishing for digital and also publishing with digital.

 The first involves a shift towards using the digital application in the development of establishing and publishing news. The Workflow is administer by sophisticated  technological advancement in the content management systems, news piece that  contain multimedia and interactivity does require technical expertise, and the social media and  web are increasingly becoming a  source of primary and secondary information/news and views  for journalists. Best example can be twitter account

Second, consumption and distribution of news is increasingly being carried out on digital platforms, nurturing a culture of interdependence that impacts news providers in unanticipated and unexpected ways. These days, Newsrooms themselves are evolving to contain a diverse range of skill and expertise as the choice to prioritise their content as a digital products

At the same time, there is growing concern that journalism on the internet is failing to sustain the basic ethics and values of journalism and that Indian democracy is ever more at jeopardy due to the lack of quality news and information.

At the present moment, India, Indian society, Indian press is all in state of changeover. The development that Indian press is witnessing today is bound to gather power, while some others are bound to appear in the come around of speedy technological innovations and expansion

Ms. Garima Malhotra
Assistant Professor 

Department of Communication Studies

Digital Marketing trends for 2018

Marketing has always been about connecting with your audience in the right place and at the right time. Today, that means that you need to meet them where they are already spending time: on the internet. Digital marketing can work for any business in any industry. Regardless of what your company sells, digital marketing still involves building out buyer personas to identify your audience’s needs, and creating valuable online content.

Digital marketing -- in other words, any form of marketing that exists online.

And the best digital marketers have a clear picture of how each asset or tactic supports their overarching goals. Here’s a quick rundown of some of the most common assets and tactics:

• Blog posts
• Ebooks and whitepapers
• Infographics
• Social media channels (Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, etc.)
• Online brochures and lookbooks
• Branding assets (logos, fonts, etc.)
• Search Engine Optimization
• Content Marketing
• Pay-per-Click

Here are five examples of digital marketing done right:

#EducateTheGirlChild

Nestle India joined hands with project Nanhi Kali on Teachers' Day with the aim of providing primary education to underprivileged girl children in India. They launched a touching digital film and informative visual content to help build awareness for the cause. They also used Twitter's Periscope to live-stream an interaction with the girls of Nanhi Kali.

#SmileMoreForAGoodDay

Britannia Good Day launched their campaign #SmileMoreForAGoodDay with Bollywood actress Deepika Padukone to spread the simple yet very important message of smiling more often. Good Day spread the word with the help of engaging visuals and social influencers who amplified the new brand philosophy in their own unique style.

#Kurkure Family Express

Kurkure launched India's first food train in its bid to bond with Indian families. The Kurkure Family Express hosted 40 families over an eight-day journey across India. Popular food enthusiasts Rocky and Mayur entertained the families, and the digital team traveling with the families created real-time content for their digital fans.

#DellAntiRoteDay

Dell India took up the strong initiative of eradicating rote learning from our education system by building awareness about its dangers. The brand celebrated 10th June, 2016 as Anti Rote Day with a micro portal, a digital film, and stunning visuals. They also ran engaging contests that invited users to share their own 'ratta stories'.

#KeepItPersonal

Godrej Security Solutions used humour in its content pieces on social media for the launch of India's first personal locker. The brand's digital team designed quirky content in the form of GIFs and visuals that showed compelling reasons to buy the locker.

 Top trends in digital marketing for this year will be:

1. Mobile marketing rate will increase. Just several years ago no one could have imagined that mobile apps might become so popular. But that fact is - it has become! And what is more interesting it becomes more and more popular. Why is it so? Apps are easier and faster to use. Users can carry their phones with them but carrying computers and large gadgets is not convenient. They say, that the same ads work better on mobiles than on computers. So, the development of using mobiles is beneficial both for those marketers who create new apps and those who advertise their products/services via apps.
2. Another marketing strategy that is becoming increasingly popular is social marketing. Various statistics show the growth in social media usage. And even without following any statistics, just only scrolling the timeline on popular social media such as FaceBook, Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram and many others, one can see how thinks roll. Particularly for digital marketing.Videos are everywhere with some carrying direct CTA and ads and some others use videos for indirect advertising.
3. One of the top modern trends is and will be video marketing. More and more people are going for “ data visualisation”. Just looking around one can easily notice that videos are everywhere. Particularly large is the usage of explainer videos. Most users and potential customers will prefer watching an explainer video to reading a whole article. And besides visualised products inspire more trust and emotions that anything else.

Ms. Smriti Dua

Assistant Professor

Dept of Management Studies

Robots to take over the forthcoming jobs

The terror that automation in the shape of robots or artificial intelligence is going to finish jobs is widespread. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to measure just how serious to take the threat. The different information offers different assessments of how many jobs will be lost, while legislators and economists argue that technology creates as many jobs as it destroys, maintaining evenness in employment over the long course.

But is this really true? A new study from the National Bureau of Economic Research aims to add some solid numbers to the debate, looking at the historical effects of robots on employment in the US. Economists Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo studied the US labor market between 1990 and 2007, looking at employment rates in different areas and industries while controlling for the influence of factors like increased imports from China and the offshoring of jobs.

The technology was and is playing a fundamental role in helping humans work more commendable. Subsequently, automation has become a primary part of business operations. We can predict that robots are soon going to replace many jobs that are today performed by humans. Even the corporate world is also on the cusp of entering the robotic age, let’s sees what pros and cons this technology offers business world.

Now being in 2018, here’s how we assume robots to impact us in the future:-

• The physical limitations of a human body can only be experienced when the usual components stop working. The future of robotics or AI to be specific focuses on the cyborg. Yes! That is a concept we are working towards where disability by the human body could be countered with robotics- a mechanized arm will have a whole other meaning!
• Yet another hope for the human mankind, we can definitely expect robots in the nearby future to completely take over dangerous jobs with ease. Robots have already showcased extraordinary bomb-defusing skills in the past and the same mechanism is being introduced so that robots in the future can completely discharge human beings of the necessary ‘‘hazardous jobs’’.
• An all-Inclusive caretaker that never complains is what robots will be to the human in the present days. Hollywood has already established how robots and human, after all, can maintain a harmonious relationship in this world and quite possibly in the near future- robots will definitely be a part and parcel of our life, taking over activities that human has become too busy for. This can include anything from child or old-age caring to errand running, home cleanup and more.

Although at this point, we can only make wonderful assumptions that we hope comes true- with the steadily advancing technology and AI improvement, robotics in the near future can accomplish much more than we could have ever imagined!

So we can conclude, Robotics could benefit us in more ways than you think. From a progressivity point of view, the advancement of technology will have a positive impact on our society. As technology advances and AI plays an increasingly large role in our lives, society will innovate simultaneously at a continuous pace. The same goes for our potential as humans. We will learn how to handle and manipulate digital technology, using it to its full potential. There will be a huge demand for individuals trained in statistics, computer programming, design and engineering. So actually, robotics will open up the opportunity for many jobs in the future, around 2 million to be more precise.

Ms. Sakshi Chhabra

Assistant Professor

Dept of Management Studies