Voting our Constitutional Right

Voting is a right given to a member of a group or the citizen of the country to express their opinions thus enabling collective and democratic decisions.Voting is one of the fundamental rights given to all Indian citizens who are above 18 yrs.Voting is a nation building process and as responsible citizens of this democratic nation it becomes our prime responsibility to participate in voting. As India is a developing country we need strong leadership at the top so as to bring the required rate of development, this is possible only when people exercise their constitutional rights and cast their votes. There can be many other factors that provide the ground for voting, but the most important of all is that it’s our right and in true democracy every votes counts.

It has been observed that on the day of voting there are some people who genuinely vote while others treat it as a paid holiday. Although there are many initiatives taken by the government, election commission and public agencies to improve the awareness, yet the percentage of people who cast their vote is not substantial.  As per election commission of India total turnout of votes in 2009 was 58.21%, 2014 was 66.7% while in 2019 it increased marginally and was 67.11%. After 71 years of Independence, can this figure be really adequate? Though we can see an improvement in voting turn out percentage however the situation in India is still not very promising andthis might be the basic problem of paralyzed growth of India.The fault lies with both the leaders and the people

So, what can be done to improve the situation as social security, economic growth and development of country lies in the hand of effective and able leaders. Situation will improve only when every Indian citizen, above the age of 18yrs exercise their rights of casting the vote and choosing a right government. Else, should India also have compulsory voting like Australia, Argentina, Beligum and many more?

Ms. Anu Bhardwaj

Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies

Technology and its perils

Excessive use and dependency on technology is injurious to health. Always and all the time we all are enclosed in and dependent on technology and it’s changing rapidly. Technology has not only  transformed our life completely but also made it easier. Whenever and whatever we want, technology helps us in just one click and provides everything at your door step like… shopping and hospitality services.

Earlier we used to go for shopping with parents and friends but now shopping happens online and because of this we are losing the connection with other people. When their used to be one landline phone at home everyone was connected but now everyone was has a phone but no one is connected.

We have 1000’s of friends on facebook’s friend list but no one comes to support, when you are sad and are actually looking for somebody’s support. We always share our cherished and happiest moments of life online but once we get a single dislike or do not get likes as much expected our happiness turned into depression just because we live in an artificial world and forget that we are human beings and need to invest some time with family and friends instead of using the technology to stay connected.

After some time either the technology starts to lead you or you will feel helpless without it. Internet revolution made our life lot easier and fast and people thought  this will saves our time but now we all are spending maximum time on internet and forget to see the outside world how is it. Technology can provide solution for your entire technical problem but cannot make you feel better when you actually need someone to understand you.

Technology can show you how the world is beautiful but humanity will show your inner beauty to the world.

Ms. Divya Gupta

Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies

Inclusive and Sustainable Growth of Rural Economy

Augmenting farm income through innovative agricultural practices is the key to inclusive development in rural sector. The concept of inclusive growth came into being with the launch of the eleventh five year plan. It is a critical aspect determining the sustainability of future agricultural growth in India.

Some of the researchers who link advancements in agriculture to an inclusive and sustainable growth opine as follows:

According to Richard (2004) , agriculture  growth  and  rural  development  had a  significant  potential  to achieve  inclusive  growth  among the Asian  countries.    Hasan  and  Quibria  (2004)  believed  that  rural poverty  was a common phenomena  countries  where agriculture  was  the  main source of livelihood.  Hence the growth  of  the agrarian sector  was  the  key to  poverty  reduction  and  inclusive  growth. This would reduce  rural  poverty by  increasing  productivity  and  incomes.  According to OECD (2006), agriculture connects economic growth and the rural poor.

 Sharma et al., (2010) believed that an inclusive growth was essential to develop agriculture on sustainable manner  by reducing  disguised  unemployment  in  the  farm  sector  in  the  way  of  shifting labor to  the  non-farm  sector  and  increasing  average  size  of  land  holding. This would   result in an increase in marginal productivity of labour.  

Hence, the focus of concern was to engage the farmers in allied areas of agriculture. Now-a- days, farmers are engaged in floriculture, honeybee breeding etc.

 Birthal et  al., (2012)  supported the above view when they proposed  that  diversification  of    agriculture  through  livestock production  would  accelerate  the  agriculture  growth  and  it  provide  livelihood  support  to  the  small  and marginal  land  holders.    Agriculture  growth  and  rising  farmers  income  was an  important  aspect  for  inclusive growth in agriculture sector. 

However, economic  growth  scenarios  of  India  as  well  as  the  major  growing  states  have  not  been successful  in  combining  growth  with  equity  and  making  growth  inclusive.   The  trickle-down  process  of growth  has  eluded sectors  such as  agriculture  where  labour  is  concentrated  (Bhalla, 2008).    Rao  (2009) observed   that   regional   disparity,   rising   income   inequality,   inequality   of   land   holdings   and   high dependency  of  workforce  were  important  obstacle  for  inclusive   growth  in  agriculture  or   equitable development in the all sectors of the economy.

Perhaps the first step in this direction would be to educate the farmers towards adoption of latest techniques and good agricultural practices.

Initiatives by the Central and State governments in this regard must adopt a multipronged approach. Water, roads and cold storage facilities are essential prerequisites for a good crop. Thereafter its distribution through a proper channel would ensure a good return to the farmers. These facilities would empower the farmers.

The third is the presence of an enforcement mechanism to oversee the smooth functioning of the entire production and distribution system. This may include a technical support system in the form of extension facilities from the Agricultural Universities. The gram panchayats would resolve the legal issues and conflicts of interest at the grass root level. These two bodies are already in place and functioning effectively. However a monitoring body from the state government could carry out random checks to ensure that there is no mismanagement of funds at this level and that the timelines are being adhered to.  This mechanism should also include a grievance redressal and counseling centre for the farmers.   

Hence this cycle comprising of three Es, namely, educate, empower and enforce would certainly lead to an inclusive and sustainable growth of the rural economy and the aim of doubling farmers income as envisioned by honorable PM Narendra Modi  would  soon be realized.

Ms Suchitra Srivastava

Associate Professor

Department of Management Studies

Importance of Quality Research

Research is made up of two words: Re- search. This means that an individual has embarked on a journey of searching again. Research leads to creation of new body of knowledge or adding to the existing one. This unfolds the importance of doing research. Academicians all over the world have been indulging in research as it has been made mandatory in educational institutions. Good quality research is hard to come by as more of the research is done with the purpose of replicating another research. Research is conducted either to create new theory or can also be contextualised in another country or segment. Earlier pure sciences were more into research but today social sciences research has caught on. Reputed publishers in the field of social sciences are Emerald, Inderscience, Elsevier, Sage, Springer to name a few. Within these various journals with Scopus and ABDC indexing along with impact factors determine the quality of research published. So, the next question is what is quality research? Quality research is a relative term which can be used to describe a research which is new, innovative and interesting. In fact, the reviewers have a key role to play in improving the quality of research. If their review guides the researcher in the right direction, a research can be improved to a large extend.

A research can be deemed as quality research if it happens to be systematic. Formulating the right kind of research questions is the key to a good start. The research questions should be clear, concise and can set the goal for research. The research methodology determines how the research will be carried out. A scientific approach has to be followed in determining the methodology. Although quantitative research has been popular over the years, qualitative research is also gaining popularity. Another way of conducting research is through a mixed method approach which involves both the qualitative and quantitative methods. The relevance of the research to the industry is equally important. If practitioners can use academic research to better reach out to customers, improve their working then definitely the research becomes relevant in the modern world. The research should also have significant theoretical contributions. After all the research should contribute to theory building exercise in its field.

 India as a country is lagging behind in producing good quality research. The education system has not been research -oriented and generally a person comes to know the nuances of research only in a PhD programme. If research is included rigorously in post graduate and even under graduate level, then perhaps, we could improve the quality of research in the country. UGC had set up norms of making research more attractive for faculty members in terms of promotions linked to quality research. Various accreditation councils like NAAC have also included points for research publications in their assessment of institutions.

Research is the backbone of education system in a society. The sooner we realise the importance of research the better it will be for us as an academia. Research empowers an individual and institutions should provide incentives for conducting quality research. Since research is time consuming, and requires a lot of effort on the part of the researcher, adequate motivation to conduct research will go a long way in improving the quality of research. Plagiarism checks have to be kept in order to avoid cut copy paste mentality. Sub standard journals and research work should be discouraged. Guidelines by apex organisations like UGC should be formulated for a proper research policy in the country. These measures could pave the way for quality research in India.

Dr. Sartaj Khera

Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies

Non Traditional lifestyle and Stress

Technology has empowered our lives everywhere. Mobile phone are the most important and essential part of our day to day life. Traditionally mobile phones were considered as the tool for communication but due to technological up gradation and smart phone invasions mobile phones have been used now a day’s not just for communication but it’s now majorly used as checking emails, shopping online ,accessing news ,downloading music and movies ,engaging self on social networking sites and many more. Every individual is now literally carrying internet in their pocket .Such use of technology has shifted the lifestyle from traditional to non traditional.

Some identifiable stressors are follows:

·         Perpetual Distraction: A study in UK has shown that smart phone user on an average 80-85 times unlocks their phones to check messages and other works. This study can be backed up by the fact that due to high use of technology and smart phones the cognitive skills such as attention, memory and learning has been retarded.

·         Sleep Dysfunction: due to excessive usage of phone and technology has interrupted the circadian rhythm (i.e. sleep-walking cycles) .Poor sleep and its disorders results in poor resilience and higher levels of anxiety and stress.

·         F.O.M.O: (Fear Of Missing Out) A new kind of behavioural disorder has been seen to arise among youngster now a days due to increase in technological interventions this is the fear of missing out on something ; whether it is an event or some post of friends on social networking sites. The more an individual is connected, the more likely is the experience of FOMO.

·         Social Comparison: The social comparison theory suggests that individual’s thought process is governed by social comparison. Social Media, by its nature, actively encourages social comparison, as it is littered with information that can easily be used as metrics of apparent social success (e.g. friends, likes, shares, followers and so forth). 

Dr.Manisha Gupta

Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies

Decision making  method  in Mathematics

In various situations in life, we have to choose between different alternatives, where the choices themselves are full of uncertainity. Right from infancy , choosing which school to go , at the secondary stage choosing which stream to opt for which career or profession to choose, Which party or candidate to vote for in an election, in which company to invest financially, whether to invest in shares or mutual funds, and so on, there are so many examples where one has to decides without having precise or complete continuous stream of decisions and usually these are tackled on the basis of previous experience, intuition and subjectivity. This blog introduced decision analysis, which takes a rational look at decision making and develops methods for improving decisions in a variety of circumstances. The first difficulty of decision makings the complexity of situations in which decisions have to be made. To overcome this problem decision making in a number of situations will be considered with decision making under uncertainty. There is only one event and the solution procedure is to list the consequences  and select the one  with the best value. Decision making under uncertainty has a  number of possible events, but there is no way of saying which are more likely. The decision criteria  will be used. Decision making under risks allows probabilities  to be assigned  to events and expected values  or expected utilities will be used. Finally, series of sequential  decisions are considered, emphasizing the use of decision trees.

In order to introduced a systematic  approach  to decision making, some techniques that are often used  are payoff tables, opportunity loss , use of posters or probabilities and decision trees. According to the functional cycles of managements, the managerial activities  as a whole is include s five phases or life processes which are planning, organizations, directions, supervision  and control. In performing all of these activities, the management has to face several such situations where they have to make a choice of the best among  a number of alternative courses  of actions. This choice making is technically termed as  decision making, or decision taking. Decision is simply a selection from two or more courses of action. Decision making permeates all management activities . It is essential  for setting objectives, deciding basic corporate policies, preparing future profits and asset requirements of the enterprise.  It also involves determining the future type of organizational structure ascertaining how to motivate personnel’s and accepting innovations , Hence we can define the decision theory as follows.

“A process which results  in the selection from a set of alternative courses of action, that course of action  which is considered to meet the objectives of the decision problem more satisfactory then others as judged by the decision maker.” Or in other words “ The process of logical and quantitative analysis  of all factors  that influences the decision problem, assist the decision maker  in analyzing these problems  with several course of action  and consequences.” Therefore one can use this techniques  to make a decision in a  situation of fuzziness in life problems.

Dr. Hakimuddin Khan 

Associate Professor

 Department of Information Technology

What are taxes?

A charge which is mandatory imposed by the Government on income earned by individual or corporate, goods , services or any activity in order to raise revenue. It is considered as the penalty to live in this world. Taxes are charged to raise fund for various public expenditure. In terms of law failure to pay tax is a punishable act. There are various types of taxes , such as  income tax, property tax, capital gain tax, service tax, value added tax, excise duty tax, GST etc.

Taxes are divided into two parts:

·         Direct Tax

·         Indirect Tax

Direct Tax

Taxes which are paid directly to the government are known as direct tax. It cannot be transferred to another person. Income tax, Corporate Tax, Capital Gain tax, Property tax etc are considered as direct tax. Direct taxes may be adjusted to the individual characteristics of the taxpayer. Under this system government collects the tax from the person on whom tax it is imposed. Under direct tax system, the taxpayer and tax bearer are the same person. Direct tax is progressive in nature which means that if the income increases, percentage of tax charged  will also increase. i.e. tax payers in the higher tax bracket have to pay higher rate of tax.

Indirect Tax

A tax which is collected by the intermediary from the person who bears the burden of tax and then pays the taxes to the government is known is indirect tax. It can be transferred to another person. Sales tax, value added tax (VAT), excise tax, GST are the few types of indirect taxes. Indirect taxes are collected by supplier of goods and services and are paid by the consumer of goods and services. Thus, the burden of tax is shifted to the final consumer. Hence, indirect tax is regressive in nature i.e. all the consumers have to bear the burden of tax irrespective of their capacity to bear tax. Under indirect tax system, tax payer and tax bearer are two different persons.

Dr. Himani Gupta

Associate Professor

Department of Management Studies

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurs are frequently thought of as national assets to be cultivated, motivated, and remunerated. It can be difficult to explain the difference between the term businessman and entrepreneur.  An entrepreneur has the ability to change the way we live and work. Their innovations may improve standards of living, and in addition to creating wealth with entrepreneurial ventures, they also create jobs and contribute to a growing economy. However, businessman is someone who is starting a business with no innovation or invention. Entrepreneurship is important for a number of reasons, from encouraging social development to innovating the lifestyle.

Entrepreneur have a personality that allows them to believe and take risks as well as enjoy the process that other people find distasteful, some people think that they can do something better then another one in any aspects of the business. They are someone who organizes the factors of creative new product or service and they know how to catch up opportunities to turn a dream into reality. They have skills as vision, motivation and determination as well as have initiative and desire to take risks in order to benefit from the profit. They should be creative, innovative and confident about what they are doing as well as just themselves know what exactly they are doing to make dream come true.

In fact, for those who are wanted to become success entrepreneur, they have to know that money is not the important thing at all for best business.

Ms. Anshu

Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies

Detection of Malicious nodes inVanet

Detection of Malicious nodes inVanet

Vehicular Ad hoc Network provides vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to roadside communication by a self-configuration type of network. Through the nodes the data is shared representing themselves as servers and clients across the network. Computers, communications, management technologies, sensor and control innovations comprises of several components. For integration of these functions there can be an improvement in the functioning of a transportation system. By using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks the warnings related to the environmental hazards, traffic, road conditions and data regarding the transmission amongst vehicles is provided. The information can be spread across the network if there is any kind of traffic jam or road closure.  This saves time and also helps the drivers for avoiding the specific routes.

Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDOS) attack is an attempt made by an attacker from different location for stopping the legitimate users from the system for accessing the required objects. Examples of the DDOS attack are as follows:
i)            Flooding the network prevents access of legitimate network traffic.
ii)      Disruption of the connections amongst two machines prevents users to access service.
iii)    Through preventing one individual user to have access to it prevents the user from    accessing a service.

Within the DDOS attacks there are different tools utilized. Even though they have different name they have same basic structure of the tools. Following are the components as shown in figure .
·      Attacker: If the hacker uses the personal computer it is the responsibility of the hacker.
·     Master: the system receives direct command from the attacker also the other agents are controlled by it.
·     Handler: through this program the tasks are performed on the program master system.
·     Agent: the system directly attack the target
·  Demon program: with the help of this program the above tasks are performed on the agent system.

Garima Saini

Assistant Professor

Department of Information Technology.

Mobile Forensics

Mobile forensics is a branch of digital forensics related to the recovery of digital evidence from mobile devices. With the continued growth of smart phone market, the probability of their use in criminal activities has continued to increase. Mobile phone nowadays comes with a wide variety of software application, new technologies and operating systems. Therefore it becomes complicated for a forensic investigator to examine the evidence from a mobile phone. A proper knowledge of forensic tools and their features is required to collect relevant information.Forensics Operating system like android, being open source, is an advantage for the software developers; but, it is the biggest disadvantage for forensic analysts, as they have to craft and implement new methods for breaking into the device and performing forensic analysis. The methods of performing forensics analysis and data acquisitions on mobile devices are not constant. Investigators must adapt to new methods and change their approach each time they perform forensic investigation on mobile devices.

Important aspects of cell phones which are to be analysed:

· Internal memory

· SIM card

· Memory card

· Network provider

Important data types which can be extracted from the forensic analysis of mobile devices are - Text messages, contacts, history, photos, audio, video, GPS location, emails, memos, calendar, documents, web-history such as use of social media applications like Facebook, twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp etc.

The Chip-Off and JTAG methods are increasingly gaining popularity because of capability of this method to by-pass complicated phone locks and drive encryption. Ultimately, the tool on which forensic analysis is performed will be provided with physical image of the memory chip from that mobile device. In Chip-Off method, the chip is removed or unmounted from the circuit board of the mobile device and testing and programming is done using JTAG (Joint Test Action Group). This method requires the knowledge of location of the chip and JTAG connectors in the device. Along with this, the person must have the knowledge of dismantling and repairing the hardware of the device. The main difference between Chip-Off and JTAG method is that, in the chip extracted during Chip-off analysis cannot be remounted again in the device unlike the JTAG where the connections can again be soldered. Hence, Chip-Off is normally used on damaged devices. This physical image is created by bit-by-bit copy of data stored on memory chip. There are many cases, where calculating a physical dump is not possible with physically extracting the storage chip. Today with such a fast growing pace of mobile devices, it is impossible to design a customized tool for every device, but the physical dump obtained from a memory chip can be analysed in a similar way. Even though Chip-off and JTAG are complicated processes, due to their output obtaining capabilities, there use is on the rise. Sometimes, forensic experts need to analyse mobile devices which are completely damaged in an accident or even sometimes the suspects damage it on purpose, in-order to destroy the evidence, during such time, this method can be very effective and where the other processes fail.

Ms.Sonali Sharma

(Assistant Professor-IT)

Department of IT

BEWARE, LOOK OUT : How Much Should We Trust ALEXA & SIRI!!!

Voice assistants are making our lives easier day by day. Instead of having to get up to turn on the lights, open the doors, draw the curtains, switch on the AC’s, or tomake that call while driving we can simply ask them to do it for us. Not only that, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa or IphoneSiri allow you to call and search businesses, services,answer mails via voice too, with no need to input a phone number or text anywhere. We all read the news recently as reported Bloomberg in April that human reviewers listened to Amazon Alexa recordings. The news came as shock to many users like me as well. A lot of people got worried that voice assistants like Amazon’s Alexa, Apple’s Siri or the Google Assistant are spying on us at home. All three companies have said the assistants are not listening all the time, but only listen for a wake word — or perhaps hidden commands humans can’t hear.

The worry is why do tech companies want to hold on to information from our homes at first placef? Is it because no one stopping them and theymight be using this data for training purposes. When asked, “Any data that is saved is used to improve Siri,” Apple said.“Alexa is always getting smarter, which is only possible by training her with voice recordings to better understand requests, provide more accurate responses, and personalize the customer experience,” Beatrice Geoffrin, director of Alexa privacy, said in a statement. The recordings also help Alexa learn different accents and understand queries about recurring events happening around us, she said. Surely we all want to benefit from AI that can set a timer or save energy when we don’t need the lights on. But that doesn’t mean we’re also opening our homes to tech companies as a lucrative source of data to train their algorithms and one day in any big breach for fault of ours maybe we lose all this data in the wrong hands. This data should belong to us.

Another security issue has come in light for these leading voice assistants—and this time it isn't manufacturers recording our conversations. A new scam has been exposed, where fraudsters are hiding behind convenient auto-dial features to lure unsuspecting users into a trap. What we do now days is blindly trust these Voice Assistants for searching random businesses though internet and call on these unknown numbers without verifying the authenticity of service provider. The fraudsters have realized that people search for businesses and then call them, all without viewing the online entry for the business itself. And that has opened up a major risk that those businesses are not what they might seem.According to the Better Business Bureau, a private, nonprofit organization in USA since 1912 some scammers have apparently gamed Google and Amazon's phone number ranking systems. Unsuspecting users could end up talking to an imposter instead of the desired business.

As reported by BBB in a latest survey that consumers reached out to it after almost falling for scammers who tried to charge them nonsense fees. One such victim used some form of voice search to call an airline in the hope of changing her seat. A con artist then tried to make her pay $400 in pre-paid gift cards for the service, but luckily, she didn't fall for the trick. Another customer used Siri to contact support for his printer, only to find himself connected to a scammer.

Not only that Every kind of home or office appliance now a days is also becoming a data-collection device. According to the data, the average US household contains 17 smart devices while European homes have an average of 14 devices connected to the network.(source  Cybersecurity in an IoT and mobile world (ZDNet special report) | Download the report as a PDF (TechRepublic). All these gadgets are supported by Alexa or Siri. Amazon acknowledges it collects data about third-party devices even when you don’t use Alexa to operate them. It says Alexa needs to know the “state” of your devices “to enable a great smart home experience.” But keeping a record of this data is more useful to them than to us. Amazon could delete everything it had learned about our home, but we can’t look at it or stop Amazon from continuing to collect it. Google Assistant also collects data about the state of connected devices. But the company says it doesn’t store the history of these devices, even though there doesn’t seem to be much stopping it.One more fear prevailing many of us due to this iscould a hacker tap into one or all of these devices and eavesdrop on us? The official answer is no, and specific technical reasons are cited. However, as quoted by The Palmer Group several theses for 2017 including, "Anything that can be hacked will be hacked." Anyone who believes otherwise is simply naïve. One such hacking was recently reported by a couple too ,

Siri or Alexa is NOT dangerous. The data it collects is NOT dangerous. Nothing about an Amazon Echo is dangerous. But who does what with our data is shivering thought.In today date n time, Data is more powerful than the being itself. It is an immutable law of 21st-century living, which in this case means that the most serious threat to each of us is the profile that can be created with the willing suspension of our agency. Most of us have no idea how much information about us all is available for sale. The willing suspension of agency has the potential to take us right up to the line that separates where we are now from an Orwellian future. (Many people believe we already live in a surveillance state. We'll explore this in another article.)We Must Deal with This Sooner or Later.

Just before winding up this article I searched for home automation with Alexaon amazon.in and it showed me 1000 results found in Home Improvement, Home & Kitchen, Books and Electronics department with huge Diwali offers. Not only that Amazon on Wednesday September 25, 2019  during the new hardware launch of its Alexa enabled device launched Amazon Loop , Amazon Frames , Echo Buds, General Motors Alexa Integration, Amazon Smart Oven, The Ring Indoor Camand many more. It was rightly said by Blake Kozak, an IHS Markit smart home analyst,  "Consumers who were on the fence before, they may stay away," Kozak said about users' reactions to this year's privacy issues. "But consumers that use these devices won't throw them away."

The world will be a very different place when Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple and other AI-empowered players have assembled first-party profile data that includes our agency. It will make what they do with our current behavioral profiles look like primitive data processing.We are predisposed to pay for convenience. We happily do it with cash and with data every day. However, we should not suspend our judgment about the implausibility of this narrative for convenience or for the quality of our enjoyment. Though this is a story we have been told before, there are no conventions of this medium. So let me be the first to scream: "Look out!"

Dr. Harsha Ratnani

Associate Professor

Department of IT

Sustainability: The Future of Education

We all stakeholders in academics are interested in education; the stakeholders include students, teachers, parents and even employers. It is in the interest of all the stakeholders that education is of high standard but despite all the focus of raising standards changing educational pedagogy we often fail to stop and ask ourselves something that seems quite simple and that’s what the purpose of education is. Education is not only passing exams and getting to the next level that is seeking good jobs but the purpose of education as a whole is on the societal and global scale. Many a times a question arises “Why School exist, what is the purpose of Education”. The answer to these questions are not easy, the answers to these questions need to be resurged. To attained sustainable education system it’s essential to redefine the teaching pedagogy at primary, secondary and higher education levels. One of the potential pedagogy for transforming education system is usage of ICT .The policy makers should promote and encourage on innovations and improvising the quality and methodology of education. The usage of Information Technology in education not only gives different modalities but also include the lifelong learning possible.

A redefined education system is not only theoretical based but is multidisciplinary and research oriented which raises the awareness of sustainability issues such as human rights, environment, gender equality, global citizenship etc..Educational sustainability would make the learning in one sense future ready not only at primary level but at higher studies also.

Dr.Manisha Gupta

Assistant Professor

Department of Management Studies

Jagannath International Management School

OUTLINE OF JOURNALISM: AN OVERVIEW

Journalism as a profession includes reporting and gathering, selection and editing, processing and presentation of news and information to an audience. The media that journalism uses vary diversely and include: content published via newspapers and magazines (print), television and radio (broadcast), and their digital media versions — news websites and applications.

The words ‘journalist’, ‘journal’ and ‘journalism’ are derived from the French ‘journal’, which in turn comes from the Latin term ‘diurnalis’ or ‘daily’.

The Growth and development of journalism in India has had a chequered history. In India, journalism has been a product of struggle against the continuing repressive measures of the British rulers over a long period of time. Journalism in India is nurtured by some of the greatest men that this country has produced-freedom fighters, social reformers intellectuals who gave their best to its development and growth. The history of journalism has therefore been inextricably linked with the growth of national consciousness and the progress of freedom movement. In fact the press journalism nurtured the national consciousness and freedom movement in the country and was in turn nurtured by it.

The responsibility and standing of journalism, along with that of the mass media, has undergone thoughtful and reflective changes over the last two decades with the initiation of digital technology and publication of news on the Internet. This has shaped a swing in the utilization of print media channels, as people are gradually more consuming news through e-readers, smartphones, and other electronic devices, taxing news organizations to fully monetize their digital division, as well as manage on the context in which they publish news in print.

The rapid technological changes, which the print media is adapting to survive, has brought about far-reaching changes in the contemporary media scenario. The onslaught of technology is changing the dynamics of news delivery too. Newspapers, once the medium for breaking news, relinquished that role to television. The internet could take that over. Crudely, the new media ecosystem could look like this: the net will break the news, TV will do follow ups and live coverage and newspapers will end up doing analyses.

To conclude: At the present juncture, India, Indian society, Indian press are all in state of transition. The inclination that Indian press is eye witnessing today is bound to gather potency, while some others are bound to surface in the rouse of rapid technological development and innovations.

Ms. Garima Malhotra
Assistant Professor
Department of Communication Studies

Sustainable Development: India’s Role

 “The world has enough for everyone's needs, but not everyone's greed,” are the famous words of Mahatma Gandhi . These words are find ubiquity in different forums in the world today. With the fast paced developments in the global economy on one side, there is increasing demand for fossil fuels and land for setting up industrial units. This has led to the fast depletion of our natural resources and indiscriminate use of plastics and polymers. Global concern to further development in a manner that ensures sustainability of the planet reflects the Mahatma’s ideology.

The same philosophy has its roots in our ancient civilization. Our forefathers, the Aryans worshipped nature .They worshipped the Sun, the eternal source of energy. They revered the rivers and all water bodies; the springs and the water falls. They firmly believed that they were the nurturer of all life forms. They also worshipped the trees such as the Banyan and Peepal, the plants such as the holy Basil among others.  They revered animals such as the cow for providing milk and the snakes (for protecting the crops against damage from the rodents).

Hence we find evidence of a philosophy that promoted a harmonious relationship between all life forms. Such a state would ensure that each life form was not threatened and got ample opportunity to thrive and flourish.

With the rapid industrialization and its trickling down effects in every part of the world, we now witness a blind race to achieve more and more even at the cost of other life forms.  Our industrial units and our means of transport that depend on fast depleting fossil fuels are a cause of grave concern. These units also release harmful effluents and gases in the environment which threatens the ecological balance of the water bodies and causes numerous respiratory ailments in humans.

With the cutting down of trees and clearing of the forests, vast stretches of barren lands have been created with little or no rainfall.  These actions have driven several life forms towards extinction.

Besides, the widening gap between the haves and the have nots, have wrenched the hearts of many across the world. They have vehemently promoted that human dignity has to be preserved and maintained for a just and equitable world.

With a background of these issues to be dealt with sagacity, sincerity and serenity, in September 2015, UN Summit was held in New York. It was in this summit that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was launched. It envisaged “a world of universal respect for human rights and human dignity, the rule of law, justice, equality and non-discrimination”. The concern for environment and respect for all life forms was emphasized in the agenda. All the member nations pledged to adopt measures to build adequate framework to ensure sustainable development.

Hence we find that India has since long been a promoter of the concept of vasudhaiva kutumbakam or universal brotherhood. Since time immemorial, she has been peace loving and looking forward for the measures that promote common good of all. Hence the time is ripe to revisit our rich cultural past, learn our lessons and be the torch bearers for the rest of the world.

Ms Suchitra Srivastava

Associate Professor

Department of Management

JIMS, Vasant Kunj